Which reading has the oldest attestation?
"oude en" "ouden" Explain your answer:
Which reading is more likely to have given rise to the other (intentionally or unintentionally)?
Which reading is shorter or less emphatic and is more likely then to have been original?
Which reading is less likely to have arisen out of a theological concern for added precision with regard to the created order (e.g. the Gnostics held that the material world was created by the Demiurge)?
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